Conservative manifesto 2010

We will authorise ‘drugalyser’ technology for use in testing for drug-driving
Drugalysers have been approved by the Home Office and a new drug driving law comes into force in March 2015.

We will make companies that dig up our roads accountable for the congestion they cause
Local authorities now have special powers to impose additional fines on utility companies for over-running works

We will crack down on rogue clampers
Wheel clamping on private land was banned in 2012, and the POPLA appeals service has been launched

We will consult on the introduction of a ‘Fair Fuel Stabiliser’. This would cut fuel duty when oil prices rise, and vice versa
In 2011, the Fuel Duty Escalator was replaced with the Fair Fuel Duty Stabiliser. The fuel duty price rise would be revised to increase by RPI plus 1 penny if the crude oil prices fell below a pre-determined trigger price, and $75 a barrel was proposed. In the Budget 2014, the Chancellor announced that the rise of in Fuel Duty planned for September 2014 had been cancelled.

Incentives for electricity network operators to establish a new national car recharging network
In 2010, the Government launched the Plugged in Places scheme, with regions operating their own charging point rollouts. Now, several of these schemes have linked up, under the 'Charge Your Car' network, with Chargemaster's Polar network and Ecotricity's motorway network also key players. There is limited interoperability within these schemes.

We will support sustainable travel initiatives, helping people cut down on work-related travel
The Government made £560m available through the Local Sustainable Transport Fund for local trial and research projects, spent across 77 authorities.

We will stop central government funding for new fixed speed cameras
Road safety funding has been cut dramatically from 2011-12, and several counties including Oxfordshire and Wiltshire have switched off fixed camera sites.

Liberal Democrat manifesto 2010

Regulate the parking system to remove unfairness and stop private sector wheel-clamping
Wheel clamping on private land was banned in 2012, and the POPLA appeals service has been launched

Work through the EU for a zero emissions target for all new cars by 2040 and extend targets to other vehicles
Average emissions of new cars registered in 2013 have fallen to 128.3g/km, while registrations of plug-in vehicles have increased four-fold from 2013 levels, to 14,498 in 2014.

Undertake preparations for the introduction of a system of road pricing in a second parliament. Any such system would be revenue neutral for motorists, with revenue from cars used to abolish Vehicle Excise Duty and reduce fuel duty
In 2012, the Institute of Fiscal Studies produced a paper on road pricing, in favour of such a programme. The 2015 Fleet Industry Manifesto is calling for a feasibility study further investigating such a scheme.

Labour manifesto 2010

We will extend hard-shoulder running on motorways, alongside targeted motorway widening including on the M25
The Highways Agency has expanded its 'Smart Motorways' project, with hard shoulder running in operation on the M25, M1 and M6.

We will increase tenfold the penalties on utilities who allow work to overrun
Local authorities now have special powers to impose additional fines on utility companies for over-running works

We rule out the introduction of national road pricing in the next Parliament
In 2012, the Institute of Fiscal Studies produced a paper on road pricing, in favour of such a programme. The 2015 Fleet Industry Manifesto is calling for a feasibility study further investigating such a scheme.

We will ensure there are 100,000 electric vehicle charging points by the end of the next Parliament.
According to Zap-Map, there are 7,500 charging points in operation in the UK.