The UK is ranked as the fourth most congested developed country in the world and the third most congested in Europe, with drivers spending an average of 32 hours a year in congestion during peak hours, according to Inrix.

For the first time, the Inrix Traffic Scorecard also includes the direct and indirect costs of congestion to all UK motorists, which amounted to £30.8 billion in 2016, an average of £968 per driver.

In the UK, the 2016 Traffic Scorecard analysed congestion in 87 cities and large urban areas.

London remains the UK’s most congested city, and ranks second in Europe after Moscow and seventh in the world.

Drivers in London spent an average of 73 hours in gridlock during peak hours. This contributed to congestion costing London drivers £1,911 each and the capital as a whole £6.2bn from direct and indirect costs.

Direct costs relate to the value of fuel and time wasted, and indirect costs relate to freighting and business fees from company vehicles idling in traffic, which are passed on to household bills through higher prices.

Along with the capital, Manchester, Aberdeen, Birmingham and Edinburgh make up the UK’s five most congested cities. Drivers in Manchester spent 39 hours in congestion during peak hours, and 10% of their total drive time (peak and non-peak hours) in gridlock, costing each driver £1,136 and the city £233 million. Motorists in Birmingham spent 9% of their total drive time in congestion last year, costing the city £407 million.

Major cities in Scotland feature high-up in the UK ranking, with Aberdeen and Edinburgh placing third and fifth respectively. The combined cost to both cities in 2016 was £363 million.

“Despite Brexit, 2016 saw the UK economy remaining stable, fuel prices staying low and employment growing to an 11-year high, all of which incentivizes road travel and helped increase congestion as the 2016 Traffic Scorecard demonstrates,” said Graham Cookson, chief economist, Inrix. “The cost of this congestion is staggering, stripping the economy of billions, impacting businesses and costing consumers dearly.

“To tackle this problem, we must consider bold options such as remote working, wider use of road user charging and investment in big data to create more effective and intelligent transportation systems.”

Inrix 2016 Traffic Scorecard – UK’s 10 Most Congested Cities / Large Urban Areas

Rank	City / Large Urban Area	2016 Peak Hours Spent in Congestion	Percentage of Total Drive Time in Congestion (peak and non-peak hours)	Total Cost Per Driver in 2016	Total Cost to the City in 2016 (based on city population size)
1	London	73	12.7%	£1,911	£6.2bn
2	Manchester	39	9.9%	£1,136	£233m
3	Aberdeen	35	12.3%	£1,331	£138m
4	Birmingham	34	8.5%	£990	£407m
5	Edinburgh	31	9.8%	£1,009	£225m
6	Guildford	29	8.6%	£812	£44m
7	Luton	29	10.7%	£964	£72m
8	Bournemouth	27	10.8%	£1,019	£84m
9	Hull	27	9.4%	£970	£109m
10	Bristol	27	8.8%	£845	£154m

 

Inrix 2016 Traffic Scorecard Provides In-Depth City Congestion Analysis

New to the Traffic Scorecard is the ability to study congestion at different times of the day and across different parts of the road network, such as analysing traffic in city centres compared to vehicles coming in and out of a city, inside and outside of peak hours and at weekends. Insights for the UK include:

Overall (Peak & Non-Peak) Congestion Insights

• London is the worst city for congestion in the UK across both peak and non-peak hours with drivers spending an average of 13% of their total drive time stuck in traffic.
• Aberdeen is the second worst city across both peak and non-peak hours combined, with drivers spending 12% of their total drive time in gridlock.

City Centre Insights

• Peak hours in the centre of London is the worst time and place for drivers in the capital, where they spent an average of 23% of their time in congestion at an average speed of 4 mph.
• However, Exeter’s city centre was the busiest to get around across all of the UK during peak hours, with drivers spending 25% of their time in congestion with an average speed of just 4.6 mph.
• Speeds fell by 80% (20 mph to 4.3 mph) in the centre of London during the day when congestion was at its worse, and by 83% (24 mph to 4 mph) in the evening during the worst periods.

In and Out of City Insights

• When getting in and out of London at peak hours, drivers achieved an average congested speed of 14.6 mph and spent 15% of their time in congestion.
• Aberdeen eclipses even London at peak hours and was the hardest city to get in to or out of with drivers stuck in gridlock for 24% of the time, moving at an average speed of 5.5 mph.

Business Impact

• Business suffers the most from traffic in Cardiff with daytime congestion within the city occurring for 15% of the time on average.
• Businesses moving about the city centres of Exeter and London also suffer badly from congestion, sitting in traffic in the city centre 17% and 16% of the time respectively during the day.

Weekend Insights

• Blackpool and London have the highest weekend congestion rates of 13% of drive time, but drivers cruise at their slowest in Brighton and Belfast where weekend congested speeds are just 4.3 mph.

Britain’s Most Congested Roads  

INRIX also identified the UK’s most congested roads as well as the worst time to travel. London roads were busiest at evening rush-hour with the A406 Northbound from Chiswick Roundabout to Hanger Lane identified as the UK’s most congested, where motorists spent 73 hours in congestion on this road in 2016.

Outside of the capital, the A1 Southbound from College Gardens in Belfast was the most congested road, and the 6th worst congested in the UK, with drivers each spending 49 hours in gridlock last year.

Inrix 2016 Traffic Scorecard – UK’s Top Ten Most Congested Roads in 2016

Rank	City / Large Urban Area	Road	From	To	Worst Peak Period	Total Hours of Delay
1	London	A406 Northbound	Chiswick Roundabout	Hanger Lane	PM	73
2	London	A2 Eastbound	New Cross Gate	Prince Charles Rd	PM	62
3	London	A3211 Eastbound	Westminster Bridge	London Bridge	PM	57
4	London	A102 Northbound	A2/Kidbrooke	Blackwall Tunnel	AM	51
5	London	A4200 Southbound	Russell Square	Aldwych	PM	50
6	Belfast	A1 Southbound	College Gardens	Wallace Park	PM	49
7	London	A308 Eastbound	Putney Bridge Approach	Sloane Square	PM	46
8	Bristol	A431 Westbound	Bryants Hill	Lawrence Hill	AM	45
9	Belfast	A24 Northbound	Ormeau Road	Ann Street	AM	45
10	Manchester	A6 Northbound	Macclesfield Road	Heaton Lane	AM	44

 

UK vs. Europe: How do we Measure Up?

Of the 628 European cities analysed, Moscow topped the list as the most congested in Europe, where drivers spent 91 hours last year in traffic congestion at peak hours.

Drivers in Moscow spent over 25% of their total drive time (peak and non-peak hours) in congestion. London (73 hours) is second in the list of Europe’s most congested cities, followed by Paris (65 hours), Istanbul, (59 hours) with Krasnodar (56 hours) in Russia rounding out the top five. Manchester, the UK’s second most congested city ranked 18th.

Inrix 2016 Traffic Scorecard – 10 Most Congested Cities in Europe in 2016

Rank	European City	Country	2016 Peak Hours Spent in Congestion	Percentage of Total Drive Time in Congestion (peak and non-peak hours)
1	Moscow	Russia	91	25.2%
2	London	UK	73	12.7%
3	Paris	France	65	11.4%
4	Istanbul	Turkey	59	18.6%
5	Krasnodar	Russia	56	24.3%
6	Zurich	Switzerland	54	18.2%
7	Saint Petersburg	Russia	53	20.0%
8	Sochi	Russia	49	24.4%
9	Munich	Germany	49	14.5%
10	Nizhny Novgorod	Russia	47	19.7%

 

How the UK Compares to Cities & Countries Worldwide 

At the global city level, Los Angeles tops the list of the world’s most gridlock cities, with drivers spending on average 104 peak hours in congestion in 2016, followed by Moscow (91 hours), New York (89 hours), San Francisco (83 hours) and Bogota (80 hours). London ranked 7th out of the 1,064 cities analysed, after Sao Paulo at 6th where drivers spent 77 peak hours in congestion last year.

Inrix 2016 Traffic Scorecard – 10 Most Congested Cities in the World in 2016

Rank	Global City	Country	Continent	2016 Peak Hours Spent in Congestion	Percentage of Total Drive Time in Congestion (peak and non-peak hours)
1	Los Angeles	USA	North America	104	12.7%
2	Moscow	Russia	Europe	91	25.2%
3	New York	USA	North America	89	12.8%
4	San Francisco	USA	North America	83	12.8%
5	Bogota	Colombia	South America	80	31.8%
6	Sao Paulo	Brazil	South America	77	20.8%
7	London	UK	Europe	73	12.7%
8	Atlanta	USA	North America	71	10.0%
9	Paris	France	Europe	65	11.4%
10	Miami	USA	North America	65	8.7%

 

Of the 38 countries covered by the Inrix Traffic Scorecard, Thailand leads with the highest average hours spent in peak congestion (61 in 2016), outranking Columbia (47 hours) and Indonesia (47 hours) tying at 2nd, and Russia (42 hours) and the USA (42 hours) tying at 4th. The UK was 11th in the global ranking, 4th amongst developed nations, and the 3rd most congested in Europe behind Russia and Turkey.

Inrix 2016 Traffic Scorecard – 15 Most Congested Countries in the World in 2016

Rank	Country	Continent (Europe Ranking)	2016 Peak Hours Spent in Congestion
1	Thailand	Asia	61
2	Colombia	South America	47
2	Indonesia	Asia	47
4	Russia	Europe (1)	42
4	USA	North America	42
6	Venezuela	South America	39
7	South Africa	Africa	38
8	Brazil	South America	37
8	Puerto Rico	North America	37
10	Turkey	Europe (2)	34
11	UK	Europe (3)	32
12	Germany	Europe (4)	30
12	Slovakia	Europe (4)	30
14	Canada	North America	28
14	Luxembourg	Europe (6)	28

 

Rank	Country	Continent (Europe Ranking)	2016 Peak Hours Spent in Congestion
1	Thailand	Asia	61
2	Colombia	South America	47
2	Indonesia	Asia	47
4	Russia	Europe (1)	42
4	USA	North America	42
6	Venezuela	South America	39
7	South Africa	Africa	38
8	Brazil	South America	37
8	Puerto Rico	North America	37
10	Turkey	Europe (2)	34
11	UK	Europe (3)	32
12	Germany	Europe (4)	30
12	Slovakia	Europe (4)	30
14	Canada	North America	28
14	Luxembourg	Europe (6)	28